Introduction. Iodine deficiency remains a pressing issue in the modern world. According to the WHO, approximately 2 billion people live in regions with insufficient iodine levels in the environment. Traditional methods of food fortification with iodine have several significant limitations: instability of inorganic compounds, low bioavailability, and the risk of overdose. Therefore, the development of new forms of iodine-containing compounds is a priority area of biotechnology. The creation of protein complexes with iodine, which ensure the controlled release of the microelement, is of particular importance. One of the latest products developed based on this approach is ‘Protoiod’, which contains iodinated micellar casein in a readily soluble form. 

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional efficacy of ‘Protoiod’ in the prevention and treatment of experimental hypothyroidism in comparison with traditional iodine sources. 

Materials and Methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the study, we used histological assessment methods for thyroid gland structure after administration of iodine-containing preparations in a model of experimental hypothyroidism, as well as determination of thyroid hormone levels in the blood serum of rats. Sections of the rat thyroid gland were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and the relative area of the tissue components of the thyroid gland was calculated on digitised images of the sections using One Cell software. Thyrotropin and thyroid hormone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 

Results. The study results showed that Protoiodine, a fully soluble substance containing covalently bound iodine, significantly outperforms reference drugs currently used to prevent iodine deficiency, which is likely due to its high bioavailability. High doses of Protoiodine do not inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis. 

Conclusion. The obtained experimental data allow us to conclude that the biologically active supplement Protoiodine is highly effective in correcting iodine deficiency conditions.

Introduction. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an essential role in the adaptation of cellular metabolism to hypoxia. At the same time, the severity and intensity of AMPK-dependent adaptive mechanisms depend on the duration and strength of the hypoxic stimulus, which can be used during hypoxic training. 

The purpose of the study was to dynamically evaluate the tissue-specific change in AMPK concentration under conditions of short-term hypobaric hypoxia in Balb/c mice. 

Materials and Methods. Short-term hypobaric hypoxia was modeled by placing animals in a pressure chamber with air with oxygen saturation of 14 % (equivalent to an altitude of 4000 m above sea level). The duration of hypoxia was 120 sec., 240 sec., 360 sec., 480 sec., 600 sec. and 720 sec. Next, blood and internal organs (liver, skeletal muscles, brain, subcutaneous adipose tissue) were taken from mice to obtain serum and supernatants, respectively, in which the concentration of AMPK was assessed. The AMPK content was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. 

Results. Under hypobaric hypoxia duration 120 sec. the content of AMPK in the blood serum was reduced, but it leads to a change in the concentration of the enzyme in the supernatants of internal organs. Subsequently, it was shown that the content of AMPK is strongly correlated with the time of hypoxia (for blood serum R2 = 0.7519; liver R2 = 0.8873; subcutaneous fat R2 = 0.8479; skeletal muscles R2 = 0.9406; brain R2 = 0.8516). The most significant changes were noted with a duration of hypobaric hypoxia of 720 seconds, when the AMPK content increased relative to the intact group of mice in the adipose tissue supernatant by 106.0 %; liver supernatant — 115.2 %; skeletal muscles — 96.0 % and brain — 155.2 % (all parameters p < 0.05). 

Conclusion. Short-term hypobaric hypoxia lasting from 4 to 12 minutes. It promotes an increase in AMPK levels in the brain, skeletal muscles, liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue, while the AMPK content in the blood serum significantly decreased. The results obtained can be used in studying the mechanisms of body adaptation to hypoxia conditions and optimizing the hypoxic training regime, both at the preclinical and clinical stages of research work.

Background. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly used by people without diagnosed diabetes to monitor responses to food intake, sleep, and physical activity. The technological availability of CGM has outpaced the development of rigorous principles for interpreting the resulting glucose traces; consequently, consumer and professional discourse often conflates the descriptive value of high-frequency measurements, diagnostic potential, and anticipated preventive benefit.

Purpose. To critically assess the extent to which continuous glucose monitoring data can serve as an evidence-based component of personalized nutrition in adults without diagnosed diabetes.

Materials and Methods. We conducted a critical narrative review of the literature on the use of continuous glucose monitoring in personalized nutrition among adults without diagnosed diabetes. Peer-reviewed studies of individual postprandial responses, the analytical accuracy and reproducibility of CGM, and randomized and non-randomized studies of personalized dietary interventions were identified in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and current guidance documents issued by professional societies and regulatory agencies were also examined. Evidence was synthesized according to a sequential evidentiary framework encompassing the validity of the sensor signal, reproducibility of the individual response, its incremental predictive value, and the effectiveness of resulting recommendations for clinically meaningful outcomes.

Results. The accumulated evidence convincingly demonstrates interindividual variability in postprandial glycemia and supports the use of CGM to characterize recurring behavioral patterns. However, the device measures glucose in interstitial fluid rather than the laboratory-measured concentration of plasma glucose, and its readings depend on the device, measurement conditions, and within-person variability. Therefore, a single peak, postprandial dip, or overnight sensor glucose value does not in itself provide a basis for judging food quality or diagnosing prediabetes, reactive hypoglycemia, stress hyperglycemia, or so-called metabolic flexibility. Randomized studies indicate that personalized nutrition programs may improve selected intermediate outcomes; however, these effects cannot be attributed to CGM as an isolated tool, and sustained clinical benefit has not yet been demonstrated in healthy normoglycemic adults.

Conclusion. The central premise of this article is that, in people without diabetes, CGM should be understood primarily as a tool for high-frequency phenotyping and the generation of testable hypotheses, rather than as an autonomous diagnostic or therapeutic instrument. The next stage of development in this field should involve reproducible interventions, transparent algorithms, and clinically meaningful endpoints.

Introduction. Traumatic brain injuries are a serious medical and social problem that requires the development of effective neuro-rehabilitation strategies, including specialised nutritional support. The Drosophila melanogaster model with experimental TBI is a highly effective tool for screening potential neuroprotective agents due to the conservativeness of fundamental biological mechanisms in drosophila and humans.

The purpose of the study. To study the ability of a specialised enteral product to improve survival and functional status in Drosophila melanogaster flies after modelling a traumatic brain injury.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 6 groups of flies: injured and intact flies that received a standard nutrient medium with the addition of 1% of the experimental or control product, as well as groups on a standard medium without additives. TBI was modelled using the original high-impact injury setup. The mortality index after 24 hours, survival according to the Kaplan—Meyer curve, motor activity in the negative geotaxis test for 4 days after injury, and brain histopathology were evaluated.

Results. The introduction of the experimental product led to a decrease in acute mortality in the group of injured flies with the experimental product (TM-O) by 22.9% and 24.0% relative to the groups with injury on the standard medium and with the control product, respectively. Flies of the TM-O group demonstrated higher motor activity in the long-term period and the maximum life expectancy among the injured groups, comparable to intact flies. Histological analysis revealed less pronounced pathological changes in the brains of TM-O flies compared to the rest of the injured groups.

Conclusions. It has been established that the EN product from the meat of reconvalescent pigs has a pronounced neuroprotective and functional-restorative effect in the model of TBI in D. melanogaster. The scientific novelty lies in the primary experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of a fundamentally new approach to the creation of specialised products — the use of life-modified meat from animals adapted to the pathology of the central nervous system. The results obtained substantiate the prospect of further preclinical and clinical studies of this product as a component of metabolic support for patients with brain damage.

Introduction. Dietary fibre is crucial for gastrointestinal health, metabolic regulation, weight control, and the prevention of chronic diseases, as it nourishes the gut microbiota, lowers cholesterol and blood sugar levels, and improves digestion. Most people do not consume enough dietary fibre, making the enrichment of food products with it a highly relevant task. To obtain fortified products with desirable consumer qualities, it is important to develop methods for modifying the properties of dietary fibers from various sources and to create food systems based on them. One promising approach to enhancing the functional and technological properties of dietary fibres is their biotechnological modification. Enzymatic hydrolysis is considered an effective method for increasing the solubility and bioavailability of fibres through the partial breakdown of polysaccharide structures. The study of the influence of physical factors on the properties of enzymes is also of current interest.

Purpose. To study the influence of enzymatic hydrolysis in combination with microwave treatment on the functional and technological properties of composites of soluble and insoluble dietary fibrts for their subsequent use in meat product technology.

Materials and Methods. We studied fibrous composites based on Vitacel® WF 200 wheat fibre and Fibruline® Instant inulin. Enzymatic hydrolysis using the Celluclast® preparation, which possesses cellulolytic activity, was employed to modify the properties of the cellulose. Upon completion of hydrolysis, the system was subjected to heat treatment using two methods: microwave heating and heating in a water bath. The properties of composites with varying fibre-to-inulin ratios were investigated, as well as the effect of the inulin dissolution method on the properties of the composites. The functional-technological properties of the composites were evaluated based on the degree of swelling and water-holding capacity.

Results. It has been established that the complex modification of wheat fibre, based on enzymatic hydrolysis followed by microwave heating, is an effective approach to improving its functional-technological properties, as well as the properties of its composites with inulin, particularly the swelling degree and water-holding capacity. The study revealed that the method of preparing the inulin solution significantly affects the water-holding capacity of the composite. A 1:1 ratio of wheat fibre to inulin yields the best results for the properties under investigation.

Conclusions. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the developed approach in creating functional meat products and other food systems requiring enhanced water-holding capacity, textural stability, and nutritional value. The use of the proposed composites can be recommended for optimising technological processes and improving the quality of the finished product.

Introduction. Post-harvest microbial spoilage remains one of the key causes of losses in fruit and vegetable raw materials and the decline in their market quality, increasing economic costs and the resource footprint of production. Consequently, there is a growing interest in environmentally safe bioconservation technologies that include yeast products, which do not leave undesirable residues.

Purpose. To systematise data on the composition, biological activity, and applications of yeast cell wall (YCW) derivatives for reducing post-harvest diseases in fruits, maintaining quality parameters, and minimising risks associated with mycotoxins, as well as to assess technological approaches that enhance the effectiveness of these solutions.

Materials and Methods. This review is based on a structured search, selection, and synthesis of literature data. The search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar; additionally, relevant Russian-language publications identified in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) were analysed. Works published in Russian and English from 2005 to 2025 were considered. The selection was carried out in two stages (by titles/abstracts and by full texts) with documentation of reasons for exclusion during the full-text stage.

Results and Discussion. The functional properties of YCW are determined by their architecture and composition (β-glucans, mannan/mannoproteins, and chitin), which influence their sorption characteristics and the potential use of YCW as a matrix for delivering active compounds. Data on the reduction of post-harvest decay severity and maintenance of quality during storage are summarised, along with the potential for reducing mycotoxin risk through the suppression of toxigenic pathogens and/or the sorption of toxins. Promising directions include the standardisation of raw materials and application regimes, optimisation of polysaccharide fraction extraction, and the development of combined solutions with natural antimicrobial agents, antagonistic microorganisms, and edible coatings. Limitations of the evidence base are related to the variability of raw materials, heterogeneity of protocols, and a lack of data obtained under conditions close to production.

Conclusions. Further research should focus on unifying the characteristics of yeast cell wall derivatives, optimising compositions, and confirming their effectiveness in real logistics chains. This will enable the realisation of their potential as the foundation for sustainable post-harvest technologies for fruits.