Модификация хитозана и композиции на его основе

Существующая литература демонстрирует широкие возможности хитозана как биоразлагаемого полимера, однако разнообразие его свойств и методов модификации затрудняет формирование целостного представления о его функциональном потенциале. Настоящий обзор обобщает современные данные о получении хитина и хитозана из различных биологических источников, анализирует их физико-химические и механические характеристики, а также направления химической модификации, включая преобразования по аминогруппам, гидроксильным группам, сшивку и прививочную сополимеризацию. Показано, как эти модификации регулируют растворимость, биологическую активность и структурные свойства материала. Особое внимание уделено формированию композитных систем и влиянию нанонаполнителей и пластификаторов на прочность, эластичность и функциональность материалов. Обзор систематизирует биомедицинские, экологические и технологические применения модифицированного хитозана и демонстрирует его значимость как универсального биополимера нового поколения.

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