Yeast Cell Walls as the Basis for Biocontrol of Post-Harvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables (Systematic Scoping Review)

Introduction. Post-harvest microbial spoilage remains one of the key causes of losses in fruit and vegetable raw materials and the decline in their market quality, increasing economic costs and the resource footprint of production. Consequently, there is a growing interest in environmentally safe bioconservation technologies that include yeast products, which do not leave undesirable residues.

Purpose. To systematise data on the composition, biological activity, and applications of yeast cell wall (YCW) derivatives for reducing post-harvest diseases in fruits, maintaining quality parameters, and minimising risks associated with mycotoxins, as well as to assess technological approaches that enhance the effectiveness of these solutions.

Materials and Methods. This review is based on a structured search, selection, and synthesis of literature data. The search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar; additionally, relevant Russian-language publications identified in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) were analysed. Works published in Russian and English from 2005 to 2025 were considered. The selection was carried out in two stages (by titles/abstracts and by full texts) with documentation of reasons for exclusion during the full-text stage.

Results and Discussion. The functional properties of YCW are determined by their architecture and composition (β-glucans, mannan/mannoproteins, and chitin), which influence their sorption characteristics and the potential use of YCW as a matrix for delivering active compounds. Data on the reduction of post-harvest decay severity and maintenance of quality during storage are summarised, along with the potential for reducing mycotoxin risk through the suppression of toxigenic pathogens and/or the sorption of toxins. Promising directions include the standardisation of raw materials and application regimes, optimisation of polysaccharide fraction extraction, and the development of combined solutions with natural antimicrobial agents, antagonistic microorganisms, and edible coatings. Limitations of the evidence base are related to the variability of raw materials, heterogeneity of protocols, and a lack of data obtained under conditions close to production.

Conclusions. Further research should focus on unifying the characteristics of yeast cell wall derivatives, optimising compositions, and confirming their effectiveness in real logistics chains. This will enable the realisation of their potential as the foundation for sustainable post-harvest technologies for fruits.

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