hfbHealth, Food & BiotechnologyHealth, Food & Biotechnology2712-7648РОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/hfb.2020.i1.s297hfb-68Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИИBIOTECHNOLOGYОтходы чайного производства как дополнительный ресурс биологически активных веществTea Production Waste as an Additional Resource of Biologically Active SubstancesЩеголеваИ. Д.SchegolevaI. D.

Щеголева Ирина Дмитриевна

125080, город Москва, Волоколамское шоссе, дом 11

Irina D. Schegoleva

11 Volokolamskoe highway, Moscow, 125080

shchegolevaid@mgupp.ruМолчановаЕ. Н.MolchanovaE. N.

Молчанова Елена Николаевна

Elena N. Molchanova

ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств»РоссияMoscow State University of Food ProductionRussian Federation20200805202121153164Copyright © Щеголева И.Д., Молчанова Е.Н., 20212021Щеголева И.Д., Молчанова Е.Н.Schegoleva I.D., Molchanova E.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/68

Листья чая являются уникальным источником разнообразных биологически активных веществ, особенно из группы полифенолов. На предприятиях по упаковке чая остаются отходы – чайная пыль. Эта порошкообразная масса состоит из мелких частиц сухого листового чая. В настоящее время она практически не используется. Можно предположить, что по составу и содержанию биологически активных веществ чайная пыль приближается к листовому чаю, следовательно, может быть дополнительным ресурсом биологически активных веществ. Целью работы являлось изучение химического состава и биологической активности чайной пыли, образующейся на предприятиях по упаковке чая, определение возможности использования чайной пыли для получения биологически активных веществ. Проведен сравнительный анализ среднего, составленного из точечных проб, образца чайной пыли, образцов черного листового и зеленого листового чаев, полученных с одного предприятия. Методами лабораторного анализа определены: содержание водорастворимых экстрактивных веществ, общее содержание водорастворимых полифенолов, содержание белка, суммарная антиоксидантная активность водорастворимых веществ чая и другие показатели. Содержание водорастворимых полифенолов и антиоксидантную активность определяли методами, разработанными авторами данной публикации, методы зарегистрированы как изобретения РФ. Органолептическим и химическими анализами установили, что в составе чайной пыли преобладают частицы листьев черного чая, что соответствует доле этого сорта чая в продукции предприятия. При кратковременном режиме экстракции, аналогичном условиям дегустационного заваривания чая (5 мин, 95 ºС), содержание экстрактивных веществ в образце чайной пыли составило 35.64 %, в черном чае – 32.47 %, содержание полифенолов в чайной пыли – 7.76 %, в черном чае – 7.95 %. В чайной пыли определено высокое содержание белка – на уровне 17.44 %. Общая антиоксидантная активность водного экстракта чайной пыли в пересчете на кверцетин составила 29 мг/г, что ниже по сравнению с черным и, особенно зеленым чаем. Проведена оптимизация режимов экстракции водорастворимых веществ из чайной пыли, позволившая увеличить выход полифенолов и антиоксидантную активность экстрактов. Результаты исследования дают основание считать, что отходы чайного производства могут быть использованы как сырье для получения биологически активных веществ таких, как полифенолы, а также являются ресурсом белка.

Tea leaves are a unique source of various biologically active substances, especially from the group of polyphenols. Tea packaging enterprises still have waste - tea dust. This powdery mass consists of fine particles of dry leaf tea. Currently, it is practically not used. It can be assumed that the composition and content of biologically active substances tea dust is approaching leaf tea, therefore, may be an additional resource of biologically active substances. The aim of the work is to study the chemical composition and biological activity of tea dust generated at tea packaging enterprises, to determine the possibility of using tea dust to obtain biologically active substances. A comparative analysis of the average, consisting of spot samples, a tea dust sample, black tea and green tea samples obtained from one enterprise was carried out. Laboratory analysis methods determined: the content of water-soluble extractive substances, the total content of water-soluble polyphenols, the protein content, the total antioxidant activity of water-soluble substances of tea and other indicators. Laboratory analysis methods determined: the content of water-soluble extractive substances, the total content of water-soluble polyphenols, the protein content, the total antioxidant activity of watersoluble substances of tea and other indicators. The content of water-soluble polyphenols and antioxidant activity were determined by the methods developed by the authors of this publication, the methods are registered as inventions of the Russian Federation. Organoleptic and chemical analyzes established that black tea leaf particles prevail in the composition of tea dust, which corresponds to the share of this tea variety in the enterprise’s products. With a short-term extraction mode, similar to the conditions for tasting brewing tea (5 min, 95 ºС), the content of extractives in the tea dust sample was 35.64 %, in black tea - 32.47 %, the polyphenol content in tea dust - 7.76 %, in black tea - 7.95 %. Tea dust has a high protein content of 17.44 %. The total antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of tea dust in terms of quercetin was 29 mg / g. which is lower compared to black and, especially, green tea. The modes of extraction of water-soluble substances from tea dust were optimized, which allowed to increase the yield of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The results of the study suggest that tea production wastes can be used as raw materials for the production of biologically active substances such as polyphenols, and also are a proteinresource.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.