<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hfb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Health, Food &amp; Biotechnology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health, Food &amp; Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7648</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/hfb.2026.i2.s333</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hfb-333</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПИТАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOOD</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Персонализированное питание на основе непрерывного мониторинга глюкозы: доказательная база, ограничения интерпретации и исследовательская перспектива (критический нарративный обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Personalized Nutrition Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Evidence Base, Interpretive Limitations, and Research Prospects (A Critical Narrative Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-4041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лаптева</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapteva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">lapteva1985@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лаптева Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лаптева Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapteva E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/333">https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/333</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Непрерывный мониторинг глюкозы (НМГ) всё активнее используется без диагностированного сахарного диабета как средство наблюдения за реакциями на питание, сон и физическую активность. Технологическая доступность НМГ опередила формирование строгих правил интерпретации получаемых графиков, поэтому в потребительском и профессиональном дискурсе нередко смешиваются описательная ценность высокочастотных измерений, диагностические возможности и ожидаемый профилактический эффект.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Критическая оценка того, в какой мере данные непрерывного мониторинга глюкозы могут служить научно обоснованным компонентом персонализированного питания у взрослых без диагностированного сахарного диабета.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнен критический нарративный обзор литературы о применении непрерывного мониторинга глюкозы в персонализированном питании у взрослых без диагностированного сахарного диабета. В базах PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus и Web of Science Core Collection отбирали рецензируемые исследования индивидуальных постпрандиальных реакций, аналитической точности и воспроизводимости НМГ, а также рандомизированные и нерандомизированные исследования персонализированных пищевых вмешательств. Дополнительно анализировали систематические обзоры, метаанализы и действующие документы профессиональных и регуляторных организаций. Данные синтезировали по последовательной доказательной модели: валидность сенсорного сигнала, воспроизводимость индивидуальной реакции, её добавочная прогностическая ценность и эффективность рекомендаций по клинически значимым исходам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Накопленные данные убедительно показывают межиндивидуальную вариабельность постпрандиальной гликемии и позволяют использовать НМГ для описания повторяющихся поведенческих паттернов. Вместе с тем прибор измеряет глюкозу интерстициальной жидкости, а не лабораторную концентрацию глюкозы плазмы; результаты зависят от устройства, условий измерения и внутрииндивидуальной вариабельности. Поэтому единичный пик, снижение после еды или ночное сенсорное значение не являются самостоятельным основанием для оценки качества продукта, диагностики преддиабета, реактивной гипогликемии, стрессовой гипергликемии или так называемой метаболической гибкости. Рандомизированные исследования показывают, что программы персонализированного питания могут улучшать отдельные промежуточные показатели, однако эффект нельзя приписать НМГ как изолированному инструменту, а для здоровых нормогликемических взрослых пока не доказана устойчивая клиническая польза.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Центральный тезис статьи состоит в том, что НМГ у лиц без диабета следует понимать прежде всего как средство высокочастотного фенотипирования и формирования проверяемых гипотез, а не как автономный диагностический или терапевтический инструмент. Следующий этап развития области должен быть связан с воспроизводимыми вмешательствами, прозрачными алгоритмами и клинически значимыми конечными точками.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is increasingly used by people without diagnosed diabetes to monitor responses to food intake, sleep, and physical activity. The technological availability of CGM has outpaced the development of rigorous principles for interpreting the resulting glucose traces; consequently, consumer and professional discourse often conflates the descriptive value of high-frequency measurements, diagnostic potential, and anticipated preventive benefit.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose. To critically assess the extent to which continuous glucose monitoring data can serve as an evidence-based component of personalized nutrition in adults without diagnosed diabetes.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. We conducted a critical narrative review of the literature on the use of continuous glucose monitoring in personalized nutrition among adults without diagnosed diabetes. Peer-reviewed studies of individual postprandial responses, the analytical accuracy and reproducibility of CGM, and randomized and non-randomized studies of personalized dietary interventions were identified in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and current guidance documents issued by professional societies and regulatory agencies were also examined. Evidence was synthesized according to a sequential evidentiary framework encompassing the validity of the sensor signal, reproducibility of the individual response, its incremental predictive value, and the effectiveness of resulting recommendations for clinically meaningful outcomes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The accumulated evidence convincingly demonstrates interindividual variability in postprandial glycemia and supports the use of CGM to characterize recurring behavioral patterns. However, the device measures glucose in interstitial fluid rather than the laboratory-measured concentration of plasma glucose, and its readings depend on the device, measurement conditions, and within-person variability. Therefore, a single peak, postprandial dip, or overnight sensor glucose value does not in itself provide a basis for judging food quality or diagnosing prediabetes, reactive hypoglycemia, stress hyperglycemia, or so-called metabolic flexibility. Randomized studies indicate that personalized nutrition programs may improve selected intermediate outcomes; however, these effects cannot be attributed to CGM as an isolated tool, and sustained clinical benefit has not yet been demonstrated in healthy normoglycemic adults.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The central premise of this article is that, in people without diabetes, CGM should be understood primarily as a tool for high-frequency phenotyping and the generation of testable hypotheses, rather than as an autonomous diagnostic or therapeutic instrument. The next stage of development in this field should involve reproducible interventions, transparent algorithms, and clinically meaningful endpoints.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>непрерывный мониторинг глюкозы</kwd><kwd>НМГ</kwd><kwd>CGM</kwd><kwd>взрослые без диабета</kwd><kwd>постпрандиальная гликемия</kwd><kwd>персонализированное питание</kwd><kwd>гликемическая вариабельность</kwd><kwd>профилактическая медицина</kwd><kwd>носимые устройства</kwd><kwd>интерпретация данных.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>continuous glucose monitoring</kwd><kwd>CGM</kwd><kwd>adults without diabetes</kwd><kwd>postprandial glycemia</kwd><kwd>personalized nutrition</kwd><kwd>glycemic variability</kwd><kwd>preventive medicine</kwd><kwd>wearable devices</kwd><kwd>data interpretation.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. (2026). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes - 2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S27–S49. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. (2026). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes - 2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S27–S49. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baethge, C., Goldbeck-Wood, S., &amp; Mertens, S. (2019). SANRA, a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 4, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baethge, C., Goldbeck-Wood, S., &amp; Mertens, S. (2019). SANRA, a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles. Research Integrity and Peer Review, 4, Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-019-0064-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Yacov, O., Godneva, A., Rein, M., Shilo, S., Kolobkov, D., Koren, N., Cohen-Dolev, N., Zmora, N., Zeevi, D., Altman, T., et al. (2021). Personalized postprandial glucose response-targeting diet versus Mediterranean diet for glycemic control in prediabetes. Diabetes Care, 44(9), 1980–1991. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Yacov, O., Godneva, A., Rein, M., Shilo, S., Kolobkov, D., Koren, N., Cohen-Dolev, N., Zmora, N., Zeevi, D., Altman, T., et al. (2021). Personalized postprandial glucose response-targeting diet versus Mediterranean diet for glycemic control in prediabetes. Diabetes Care, 44(9), 1980–1991. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bermingham, K. M., Linenberg, I., Polidori, L., Asnicar, F., Arrè, A., Wolf, J., Badri, F., Bernard, H., Capdevila, J., Bulsiewicz, W. J., Gardner, C. D., Ordovas, J. M., Davies, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Hall, W. L., Delahanty, L. M., Valdes, A. M., Segata, N., Spector, T. D., &amp; Berry, S. E. (2024). Effects of a personalized nutrition program on cardiometabolic health: A randomized controlled trial. Nature Medicine, 30(7), 1888–1897. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02951-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bermingham, K. M., Linenberg, I., Polidori, L., Asnicar, F., Arrè, A., Wolf, J., Badri, F., Bernard, H., Capdevila, J., Bulsiewicz, W. J., Gardner, C. D., Ordovas, J. M., Davies, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Hall, W. L., Delahanty, L. M., Valdes, A. M., Segata, N., Spector, T. D., &amp; Berry, S. E. (2024). Effects of a personalized nutrition program on cardiometabolic health: A randomized controlled trial. Nature Medicine, 30(7), 1888–1897. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02951-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berry, S. E., Valdes, A. M., Drew, D. A., Asnicar, F., Mazidi, M., Wolf, J., Capdevila, J., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Davies, R., Al Khatib, H., Bonnett, C., Ganesh, S., Bakker, E., Hart, D., Mangino, M., Merino, J., Linenberg, I., Wyatt, P., Ordovas, J. M., … Spector, T. D. (2020). Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nature Medicine, 26(6), 964–973. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berry, S. E., Valdes, A. M., Drew, D. A., Asnicar, F., Mazidi, M., Wolf, J., Capdevila, J., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Davies, R., Al Khatib, H., Bonnett, C., Ganesh, S., Bakker, E., Hart, D., Mangino, M., Merino, J., Linenberg, I., Wyatt, P., Ordovas, J. M., … Spector, T. D. (2020). Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition. Nature Medicine, 26(6), 964–973. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0934-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., &amp; Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Green, B. N., Johnson, C. D., &amp; Adams, A. (2006). Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 5(3), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hengist, A., Ong, J. A., McNeel, K., Guo, J., &amp; Hall, K. D. (2025). Imprecision nutrition? Intraindividual variability of glucose responses to duplicate presented meals in adults without diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 121(1), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hengist, A., Ong, J. A., McNeel, K., Guo, J., &amp; Hall, K. D. (2025). Imprecision nutrition? Intraindividual variability of glucose responses to duplicate presented meals in adults without diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 121(1), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hjort, A., Iggman, D., &amp; Rosqvist, F. (2024). Glycemic variability assessed using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals without diabetes and associations with cardiometabolic risk markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition, 43(4), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hjort, A., Iggman, D., &amp; Rosqvist, F. (2024). Glycemic variability assessed using continuous glucose monitoring in individuals without diabetes and associations with cardiometabolic risk markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition, 43(4), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Howard, R., Guo, J., &amp; Hall, K. D. (2020). Imprecision nutrition? Different simultaneous continuous glucose monitors provide discordant meal rankings for incremental postprandial glucose in subjects without diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(4), 1114–1119. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Howard, R., Guo, J., &amp; Hall, K. D. (2020). Imprecision nutrition? Different simultaneous continuous glucose monitors provide discordant meal rankings for incremental postprandial glucose in subjects without diabetes. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 112(4), 1114–1119. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hutchins, K. M., Betts, J. A., Thompson, D., Hengist, A., &amp; Gonzalez, J. T. (2025). Continuous glucose monitor overestimates glycemia, with the magnitude of bias varying by postprandial test and individual: A randomized crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 121(5), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hutchins, K. M., Betts, J. A., Thompson, D., Hengist, A., &amp; Gonzalez, J. T. (2025). Continuous glucose monitor overestimates glycemia, with the magnitude of bias varying by postprandial test and individual: A randomized crossover trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 121(5), 1025–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.02.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jinnette, R., Narita, A., Manning, B., McNaughton, S. A., Mathers, J. C., &amp; Livingstone, K. M. (2021). Does personalized nutrition advice improve dietary intake in healthy adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 12(3), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jinnette, R., Narita, A., Manning, B., McNaughton, S. A., Mathers, J. C., &amp; Livingstone, K. M. (2021). Does personalized nutrition advice improve dietary intake in healthy adults? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Advances in Nutrition, 12(3), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao, X., Li, Y., Tang, S., Xiao, Y., Yu, X., Huang, R., &amp; Zhong, T. (2026). Continuous glucose monitoring in non-diabetic populations: A systematic review of observational and interventional studies with meta-analysis. European Journal of Medical Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-03920-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao, X., Li, Y., Tang, S., Xiao, Y., Yu, X., Huang, R., &amp; Zhong, T. (2026). Continuous glucose monitoring in non-diabetic populations: A systematic review of observational and interventional studies with meta-analysis. European Journal of Medical Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-026-03920-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendes-Soares, H., Raveh-Sadka, T., Azulay, S., Edens, K., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Cohen, Y., Ofek, T., Bachrach, D., Stevens, J., Colibaseanu, D., Segal, L., Kashyap, P., &amp; Nelson, H. (2019). Assessment of a personalized approach to predicting postprandial glycemic responses to food among individuals without diabetes. JAMA Network Open, 2(2), e188102. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendes-Soares, H., Raveh-Sadka, T., Azulay, S., Edens, K., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Cohen, Y., Ofek, T., Bachrach, D., Stevens, J., Colibaseanu, D., Segal, L., Kashyap, P., &amp; Nelson, H. (2019). Assessment of a personalized approach to predicting postprandial glycemic responses to food among individuals without diabetes. JAMA Network Open, 2(2), e188102. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merino, J., Linenberg, I., Bermingham, K. M., Ganesh, S., Bakker, E., Delahanty, L. M., Chan, A. T., Capdevila Pujol, J., Wolf, J., Al Khatib, H., Franks, P. W., Spector, T. D., Ordovas, J. M., Berry, S. E., &amp; Valdes, A. M. (2022). Validity of continuous glucose monitoring for categorizing glycemic responses to diet: Implications for use in personalized nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 115(6), 1569–1576. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merino, J., Linenberg, I., Bermingham, K. M., Ganesh, S., Bakker, E., Delahanty, L. M., Chan, A. T., Capdevila Pujol, J., Wolf, J., Al Khatib, H., Franks, P. W., Spector, T. D., Ordovas, J. M., Berry, S. E., &amp; Valdes, A. M. (2022). Validity of continuous glucose monitoring for categorizing glycemic responses to diet: Implications for use in personalized nutrition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 115(6), 1569–1576. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqac026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oganesova, Z., Pemberton, J., &amp; Brown, A. (2024). Innovative solution or cause for concern? The use of continuous glucose monitors in people not living with diabetes: A narrative review. Diabetic Medicine, 41(9), e15369. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15369</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oganesova, Z., Pemberton, J., &amp; Brown, A. (2024). Innovative solution or cause for concern? The use of continuous glucose monitors in people not living with diabetes: A narrative review. Diabetic Medicine, 41(9), e15369. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.15369</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ordovas, J. M., Ferguson, L. R., Tai, E. S., &amp; Mathers, J. C. (2018). Personalised nutrition and health. BMJ, 361, k2173. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ordovas, J. M., Ferguson, L. R., Tai, E. S., &amp; Mathers, J. C. (2018). Personalised nutrition and health. BMJ, 361, k2173. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popp, C. J., Hu, L., Kharmats, A. Y., Curran, M., Berube, L., Wang, C., Pompeii, M. L., Illiano, P., St-Jules, D. E., Mottern, M., Li, H., Williams, N., Schoenthaler, A., Segal, E., Godneva, A., Thomas, D., Bergman, M., Schmidt, A. M., &amp; Sevick, M. A. (2022). Effect of a personalized diet to reduce postprandial glycemic response vs a low-fat diet on weight loss in adults with abnormal glucose metabolism and obesity: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 5(9), e2233760. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33760</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popp, C. J., Hu, L., Kharmats, A. Y., Curran, M., Berube, L., Wang, C., Pompeii, M. L., Illiano, P., St-Jules, D. E., Mottern, M., Li, H., Williams, N., Schoenthaler, A., Segal, E., Godneva, A., Thomas, D., Bergman, M., Schmidt, A. M., &amp; Sevick, M. A. (2022). Effect of a personalized diet to reduce postprandial glycemic response vs a low-fat diet on weight loss in adults with abnormal glucose metabolism and obesity: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 5(9), e2233760. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33760</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richardson, K. M., Jospe, M. R., Bohlen, L. C., Crawshaw, J., Saleh, A. A., &amp; Schembre, S. M. (2024). The efficacy of using continuous glucose monitoring as a behaviour change tool in populations with and without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21, Article 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01692-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richardson, K. M., Jospe, M. R., Bohlen, L. C., Crawshaw, J., Saleh, A. A., &amp; Schembre, S. M. (2024). The efficacy of using continuous glucose monitoring as a behaviour change tool in populations with and without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21, Article 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01692-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah, V. N., DuBose, S. N., Li, Z., Beck, R. W., Peters, A. L., Weinstock, R. S., Kruger, D., Tansey, M., Sparling, D., Woerner, S. E., Vendrame, F., Bergenstal, R., Tamborlane, W. V., Watson, S. E., &amp; Sherr, J. L. (2019). Continuous glucose monitoring profiles in healthy nondiabetic participants: A multicenter prospective study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 104(10), 4356–4364. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah, V. N., DuBose, S. N., Li, Z., Beck, R. W., Peters, A. L., Weinstock, R. S., Kruger, D., Tansey, M., Sparling, D., Woerner, S. E., Vendrame, F., Bergenstal, R., Tamborlane, W. V., Watson, S. E., &amp; Sherr, J. L. (2019). Continuous glucose monitoring profiles in healthy nondiabetic participants: A multicenter prospective study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 104(10), 4356–4364. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-02763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, XW., Hu, Y., Menichetti, G. et al. Nutritional redundancy in the human diet and its application in phenotype association studies. Nat Commun 14, 4316 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39836-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, XW., Hu, Y., Menichetti, G. et al. Nutritional redundancy in the human diet and its application in phenotype association studies. Nat Commun 14, 4316 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39836-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wyatt, P., Berry, S. E., Finlayson, G., O’Driscoll, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Drew, D. A., Al Khatib, H., Nguyen, L. H., Linenberg, I., Chan, A. T., Spector, T. D., Franks, P. W., Wolf, J., Blundell, J., &amp; Valdes, A. M. (2021). Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals. Nature Metabolism, 3(4), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00383-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wyatt, P., Berry, S. E., Finlayson, G., O’Driscoll, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G., Drew, D. A., Al Khatib, H., Nguyen, L. H., Linenberg, I., Chan, A. T., Spector, T. D., Franks, P. W., Wolf, J., Blundell, J., &amp; Valdes, A. M. (2021). Postprandial glycaemic dips predict appetite and energy intake in healthy individuals. Nature Metabolism, 3(4), 523–529. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-021-00383-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao, J., Brugger, V. K., Edney, S. M., Tai, E.-S., Sim, X., Müller-Riemenschneider, F., &amp; van Dam, R. M. (2024). Diet, physical activity, and sleep in relation to postprandial glucose responses under free-living conditions: An intensive longitudinal observational study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21, Article 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01693-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao, J., Brugger, V. K., Edney, S. M., Tai, E.-S., Sim, X., Müller-Riemenschneider, F., &amp; van Dam, R. M. (2024). Diet, physical activity, and sleep in relation to postprandial glucose responses under free-living conditions: An intensive longitudinal observational study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 21, Article 142. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-024-01693-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeevi, D., Korem, T., Zmora, N., Israeli, D., Rothschild, D., Weinberger, A., Ben-Yacov, O., Lador, D., Avnit-Sagi, T., Lotan-Pompan, M., Suez, J., Mahdi, J. A., Matot, E., Malka, G., Kosower, N., Rein, M., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Dohnalová, L., Pevsner-Fischer, M., … Segal, E. (2015). Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell, 163(5), 1079–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeevi, D., Korem, T., Zmora, N., Israeli, D., Rothschild, D., Weinberger, A., Ben-Yacov, O., Lador, D., Avnit-Sagi, T., Lotan-Pompan, M., Suez, J., Mahdi, J. A., Matot, E., Malka, G., Kosower, N., Rein, M., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Dohnalová, L., Pevsner-Fischer, M., … Segal, E. (2015). Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell, 163(5), 1079–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.11.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
