hfbHealth, Food & BiotechnologyHealth, Food & Biotechnology2712-7648РОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/hfb.2025.i3.s267hfb-267Research ArticleПИТАНИЕFOODРоль продуктов питания в повышении индивидуального детоксикационного потенциалаThe Role of Food in Enhancing Individual Detoxification Potentialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6402-4616СпицинаТатьяна ВасильевнаSpitsinaTatyana V.

аспирант кафедры Цифровой нутрициологии, гостиничного и ресторанного бизнеса Московского государственного университета технологий и управления им. К.Г. Разумовского (ПКУ), Москва, Россия

Graduate student

tvs306@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8988-5911НикитинИгорь АлексеевичNikitinIgor A.

Doctor of Engineering

Nikitin.IA@rea.ruаспирант, Московский государственный университет технологий и управления им. К.Г. Разумовского (ПКУ), Москва, РоссияРоссияK.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (First Cossack University), Moscow, RussiaRussian Federationд.т.н., профессор, Российский экономический университет им. Г.В. Плеханова, Московский государственный университет технологий и управления им. К.Г. Разумовского (Первый казачий университет), Москва, РоссияРоссияK.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (First Cossack University), Moscow, Russia Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, RussiaRussian Federation202501112025733449Copyright © Спицина Т.В., Никитин И.А., 20252025Спицина Т.В., Никитин И.А.Spitsina T.V., Nikitin I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/267Введение

Введение. В реалиях настоящего времени, когда влияние негативного воздействия окружающей среды на организм человека многократно усилилось, проблема поддержки индивидуального детоксикационного потенциала работающих во вредных условиях труда приобретает особую актуальность. В условиях контакта с вредными химическими факторами техногенная нагрузка на детоксикационную систему работников возрастает, способствуя усилению риска профессиональных заболеваний. В качестве одного из основных инструментов поддержки метаболизма ксенобиотиков выступает питание. 

Цель обзорной статьи состоит в систематизации научной литературы, посвященной взаимосвязи между рационом питания, генетической предрасположенностью и потенциалом детоксикации.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. На основании анализа литературных источников рассмотрены механизмы двухфазной метаболической детоксикации, а также влияние генетических полиморфизмов на активность ферментов этих фаз. Результаты. Предложено авторское определение понятия «индивидуальный детоксикационный потенциал». Описана роль ключевых ферментов детоксикации, таких как цитохромы P450 и глутатион-S-трансферазы, N-ацетилтрансферазы, в метаболизме токсинов. Показано, что полиморфизмы генов, кодирующих эти ферменты, могут приводить к снижению эффективности детоксикационных процессов в организме, увеличивая риск накопления токсичных веществ. Особое внимание уделено персонализированному подходу к питанию для повышения эффективности процессов детоксикации у людей, работающих во вредных условиях труда.  Представлены примеры фитохимических веществ, входящих в состав растительных продуктов и способных стимулировать или угнетать активность этих ферментов. Рассмотрены перспективы использования персонализированной диеты для оптимизации детоксикационной функции организма. 

Выводы

Выводы. Результаты обзора указывают на необходимость учета генетических особенностей при разработке программ питания для людей, находящихся в условиях повышенного токсичного воздействия. В целях снижения токсической нагрузки представляется целесообразным включение в рацион продуктов питания, оказывающих влияние на повышение индивидуального детоксикационного потенциала.

Introduction

Introduction. In the current reality, where the negative impact of the environment on human health has increased significantly, the issue of supporting individual detoxification potential among workers in hazardous conditions is becoming increasingly important. In environments with exposure to harmful chemical factors, the technogenic load on the detoxification system of workers increases, leading to a higher risk of occupational diseases. Nutrition serves as one of the main tools for supporting xenobiotic metabolism. 

The purpose of the review article is to systematize the scientific literature on the interplay between diet, genetic predisposition and detoxification potential.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. Based on an analysis of literature sources, the mechanisms of two-phase metabolic detoxification are examined, along with the influence of genetic polymorphisms on the activity of enzymes involved in these phases. 

Results

Results. An original definition of the concept of "individual detoxification potential" is proposed. The role of key detoxifying enzymes such as cytochrome P450s, glutathione-S-transferases, and N-acetyltransferases in toxin metabolism is described. It is shown that polymorphisms in genes encoding these enzymes can lead to reduced efficiency of detoxification processes in the body, increasing the risk of toxic substance accumulation. Special attention is paid to a personalized approach to nutrition aimed at improving detoxification processes in individuals working under hazardous conditions. Examples of phytochemical substances found in plant-based products that can stimulate or suppress the activity of these enzymes are presented. The prospects of using personalized diets to optimize the detoxification function of the organism are discussed. 

Conclusions

Conclusions. The review results indicate the necessity of considering genetic characteristics when developing nutritional programs for people exposed to elevated toxic loads. To reduce toxic burden, it seems reasonable to include foods that enhance individual detoxification potential in dietary regimens.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.