hfbHealth, Food & BiotechnologyHealth, Food & Biotechnology2712-7648РОСБИОТЕХ10.36107/hfb.2025.i3.s261hfb-261Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИИBIOTECHNOLOGYВозможности использования бактериоцинов лактобактерий в клинической практике (систематический обзор предметного поля)Potential for the use of Lactobacilli bacteriocins in clinical practice (a systematic review of the subject field)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-5957КаночкинаМария СергеевнаKanochkinaMarya S.

Кандидат технических наук, направления деятельности: биотехнология, технология получения БАВ, микробиота, пре-, про- и аутопробиотики для человека и животных. SPIN-код: 2584-6474, AuthorID: 1087397

Cand. Sc. (Engineering), fields of activity: biotechnology, BAS production technology, microbiota, pre-, pro- and autoprobiotics for humans and animals. SPIN code: 2584-6474, AuthorID: 1087397

kanoch@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-8333ИвановаЛюдмила АфанасьевнаIvanovaLudmila A.

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», д.т.н., профессор, профессор кафедры «Биотехнология и биоорганический синтез».

Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Professor of the Department of Biotechnology and Bioorganic Synthesis.

IvanovaLA@mgupp.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4574-6853СоколовИлья РомановичSokolovIlya R.

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», аспирант кафедры «Биотехнология и биоорганический синтез».

Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), graduate student of the Department of Biotechnology and Bioorganic Synthesis.

radek.sokolov1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4998-1994КоноваловаАнастасия ДмитриевнаKonovalovaAnastasiya D.

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», магистр кафедры «Биотехнология и биоорганический синтез».

Russian Biotechnological University (ROSBIOTECH), student of the Department of Biotechnology and Bioorganic Synthesis.

konovalova.bio@gmail.comЛевинОлег НиколаевичLevinOleg N.

ФГАОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный университет», магистр кафедры «Школа естественных наук».

student of University of Tyumen

oleg.l-e-v-i-n@yandex.ruООО "Микробные нутриенты иммунокорректоры"РоссияRussian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University); Limited Liability Company «Microbial Nutrients Immunocorrectors»Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», д.т.н., профессор, профессор кафедры «Биотехнология и биоорганический синтез».РоссияRussian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University)Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», аспирант кафедры «Биотехнология и биоорганический синтез».РоссияRussian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University)Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Российский биотехнологический университет (РОСБИОТЕХ)», магистр кафедры «Биотехнология и биоорганический синтез».РоссияRussian Biotechnological University (BIOTECH University)Russian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный университет», магистр кафедры «Школа естественных наук».РоссияUniversity of TyumenRussian Federation202501112025736386Copyright © Каночкина М.С., Иванова Л.А., Соколов И.Р., Коновалова А.Д., Левин О.Н., 20252025Каночкина М.С., Иванова Л.А., Соколов И.Р., Коновалова А.Д., Левин О.Н.Kanochkina M.S., Ivanova L.A., Sokolov I.R., Konovalova A.D., Levin O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/261Введение

Введение. В пищевой и фармацевтической промышленности активно применяют молочнокислые бактерии в связи с их способностью к продуцированию технологически ценных веществ, имеющих важное значение для производства продуктов питания. Также некоторые молочнокислые бактерии используют для профилактики и лечения различных заболеваний за счет наличия у них пробиотических свойств. Интерес к родам Lactiplantibacillus и Lactobacillus обуславливается их способностью к синтезу бактериоцинов, которые обладают антимикробной активностью, что приводит к подавлению роста посторонней микрофлоры. Обсуждается возможность применения бактериоцинов в качестве альтернативы антибиотикам в борьбе с патогенной микрофлорой, в том числе в составе пищевых продуктов. Однако лабильность бактериоцинов ограничивает их широкомасштабное использование.

Цель исследования — проведение критического анализа актуальных литературных данных для      выявления основных механизмов действия бактериоцинов, определения направлений их использования в клинической практике и в лечебном питании (с учетом конкретных примеров), а также оценки возможных источников выделения новых высокоактивных штаммов-продуцентов бактериоцинов.

Методы

Методы. В рамках исследования был проведен систематический анализ научной литературы за период с 2014 по 2024 г. в соответствии с руководством PRISMA. Первоначальный поиск по заданным ключевым словам выявил 127 научных публикаций. В результате двухэтапного скрининга, включавшего применение критериев включения и исключения, а также удаление дубликатов, для углубленного критического анализа было отобрано 89 статей, которые составили основу данного систематического обзора. Поиск релевантных материалов осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ) и других.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Проведен критический анализ 89 научных статей. Определены потенциальные направления применения бактериоцинов лактобактерий в клинической практике и лечебном питании: борьба с инфекциями желудочно-кишечного тракта; использование бактериоцинов в качестве замены антибиотикам, а также как антибиопленочное средство. Наиболее известным бактериоцином является низин, который синтезируется Lactococcus lactis и широко применяется в качестве консерванта в пищевой промышленности. Однако такие бактерии, как Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus crispatus, Latilactobacillus sakei являются бактериоциногенными и могут также успешно применяться. Систематизированы актуальные данные по характеристике и механизму действия бактериоцинов. Показана корреляция между течением соответствующих воспалительных заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта, дозой применяемых антибиотиков и приемом очищенных бактериоцинов или пробиотических микроорганизмов, продуцирующих бактериоцины in situ. Рассмотрены существующие препятствия для быстрого внедрения бактериоцинов в клиническую практику, что является актуальным вопросом в связи с нарастающим количеством антибиотикорезистентных штаммов условно-патогенных и патогенных инфекционных агентов. Доказана возможность использования бактериоцинов в качестве альтернатив антибиотикам и/или средств, уменьшающих дозу применяемых антибиотиков, и/или средств лечения и профилактики заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта. Определены основные перспективные источники выделения высокоактивных штаммов-продуцентов бактериоцинов. Дальнейшие направления исследований включают целенаправленный скрининг высокоактивных бактериоцин-продуцирующих штаммов лактобактерий с пробиотическими свойствами, разработку схемы снижения дозы антибиотиков за счет использования полученных бактериоцинов.

Introduction

Introduction. Lactic acid bacteria are actively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their ability to produce technologically valuable substances that are important for food production. Also, some lactic acid bacteria are used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases due to their probiotic properties. The interest in the genera Lactiplantibacillus and Lactobacillus is due to their ability to synthesize bacteriocins, which have antimicrobial activity that leads to the suppression of the growth of extraneous microflora. The possibility of using bacteriocins as an alternative to antibiotics in the fight against pathogenic microflora, including food products, is discussed. However, the lability of bacteriocins limits their widespread use.

The purpose is to conduct a critical analysis of current literature data to determine the main mechanisms of action of bacteriocins, directions of their use in clinical practice and in therapeutic nutrition, taking into account specific examples, and to evaluate possible sources of isolation of new highly active bacteriocin-producing strains.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. As part of the study, a systematic analysis of the scientific literature for the period from 2014 to 2024 was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An initial keyword search revealed 127 scientific publications. As a result of a two-stage screening after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as removing duplicates, 89 articles were selected for in-depth critical analysis, which formed the basis of this systematic review. The search for relevant materials was carried out in the databases PubMed, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) and others.

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion. 89 scientific articles were critically analyzed. Potential applications of lactobacillus bacteriocins in clinical practice and therapeutic nutrition have been identified: the fight against infections of the gastrointestinal tract; the use of bacteriocins as a substitute for antibiotics, as well as as an antibiotic agent. The most well-known bacteriocin is nisin, which is synthesized by Lactococcus lactis and is widely used as a preservative in the food industry. However, bacteria such as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Latilactobacillus sakei are bacteriocinogenic and can also be successfully used. The current data on the characteristics and mechanism of action of bacteriocins are systematized. A correlation has been shown between the course of the corresponding inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the dose of antibiotics used, and the intake of purified bacteriocins or probiotic microorganisms producing bacteriocins in situ. The existing obstacles to the rapid introduction of bacteriocins into clinical practice are considered, which is an urgent issue due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains of opportunistic and pathogenic infectious agents. The possibility of using bacteriocins as alternatives to antibiotics and/or drugs that reduce the dose of antibiotics used, and/or drugs for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract has been proven. The main promising sources of the isolation of highly active bacteriocin-producing strains have been identified. Further research areas include targeted screening of highly active bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus strains with probiotic properties, and the development of a scheme to reduce the dose of antibiotics through the use of the obtained bacteriocins.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.