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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hfb</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Health, Food &amp; Biotechnology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health, Food &amp; Biotechnology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2712-7648</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РОСБИОТЕХ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36107/hfb.2022.i1.s131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hfb-131</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>X-ray дифракция для выявления фальсификатов крахмала и определения степени  кристалличности полиморфных модификаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>X-ray Diffraction for Detecting Starch Adulteration and Measuring the Crystallinity Indices of the Polymorphic Modifications of Starch</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-2168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подгорбунских</surname><given-names>Екатерина Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podgorbunskikh</surname><given-names>Ekaterina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>с.н.с. ИХТТМ СО РАН. </p><p>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0029-2168</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Chem. Sci.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">podgorbunskikh@solid.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-4387</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доме</surname><given-names>Карина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dome</surname><given-names>Karina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">domekarina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-9692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухтояров</surname><given-names>Владимир Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukhtoyarov</surname><given-names>Vladimir</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">buh@solid.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-5005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Алексей Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Aleksey L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Chem. Sci.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bychkov.a.l@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт химии твердого тела и механохимии СО РАН, Новосибирск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Подгорбунских Е.М., Доме К.В., Бухтояров В.А., Бычков А.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Подгорбунских Е.М., Доме К.В., Бухтояров В.А., Бычков А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Podgorbunskikh E.M., Dome K.V., Bukhtoyarov V., Bychkov A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/131">https://www.hfb-journal.ru/jour/article/view/131</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение: Крахмал широко применяется в пищевой промышленности и биотехнологии, в том числе для изготовления упаковочных материалов для пищевых продуктов. Нативный крахмал из различных источников существует в виде трёх полиморфные модификаций (A-, B- и С-тип) с различной организацией кристаллической структуры, что непосредственно влияет на их физико-химические и технологические свойства.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: Для корректного и эффективного использования крахмала как сырья для биотехнологии требуется предварительное определение полиморфной модификации и степени кристалличности, выявление и отбраковка фальсификатов или некондиционного сырья. Предполагается, что метод рентгеновской дифракции является экспрессным и точным для решения обозначенных задач.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: В данной работе свойства коммерчески доступного крахмала из различных растительных источников (кукуруза, рис, пшеница, картофель, горох, тапиока) были исследованы с помощью X-ray дифракции и сканирующей электронной микроскопии.</p><p>Результаты и их применение: Показано, что некоторые торговые марки являются фальсификатом, подменяющим более дорогой картофельный крахмал дешевым кукурузным. Для всех отобранных образцов были определены степени кристалличности, наибольшей упорядоченностью кристаллической структуры обладает кукурузный крахмал. Напротив, наименьшей упорядоченностью кристаллической структуры обладает гороховый, относящиеся к С-типу. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость проведения предварительной идентификации источника крахмала для установления полиморфной модификации и физико-химических свойств методом X-ray дифракции. Полученная информация будет необходима для разработки новых типов функциональных пищевых продуктов и воспроизводстве уже реализуемых биотехнологий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: Starch is widely used in the food industry and biotechnology, including for manufacturing food packaging materials. Native starches from various sources exist in the form of three polymorphic modifications (A-, B- and C-types) differing in their crystal structure, which has an indirect effect on their physicochemical and technological properties.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: To properly and efficiently use starch as a raw material for biotechnology, one needs to preliminarily identify its polymorphic modification and crystallinity, as well as detect and discard adulterants or substandard raw materials. X-ray diffraction is suggested to be a rapid and accurate method for solving the outlined problems.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: In this study, properties of commercial starch from various plant sources (corn, rice, wheat, potatoes, peas, and tapioca) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusion</title><p>Results and conclusion: Starch of some brands was shown to be adulterated: the more expensive potato starch was replaced with cheaper corn starch. The crystallinity indices were determined for all the selected samples; the crystal structure of corn starch was found to be most highly ordered. Contrariwise, the C-type pea starch was characterized by the lowest degree of crystal structure ordering. The findings obtained in this study show that it is necessary to preliminarily determine the source of starch in order to identify its polymorphic modification, as well as physical and chemical properties by X-ray diffraction. This information will be demanded for developing the new types of functional foods and reproducing the currently used biotechnologies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крахмал</kwd><kwd>кристаллическая структура</kwd><kwd>полиморфные модификации</kwd><kwd>степень кристалличности</kwd><kwd>X-ray дифракция</kwd><kwd>съедобная упаковка</kwd><kwd>идентификация</kwd><kwd>фальсификат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>starch</kwd><kwd>crystal structure</kwd><kwd>polymorphic modifications</kwd><kwd>crystallinity index</kwd><kwd>X-ray diffraction</kwd><kwd>edible packaging</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd><kwd>adulterated food</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Совет по грантам Президента Российской Федерации</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal, S., Singhal, S., Godiya, C. 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